References
1) http://www.britainexpress.com/ > click on History and Culture > click on The Middle Ages > Click on Town Life in the Middle Ages (under Society)
2) http://www.camelotintl.com/ > click on soldier (feathered headgear) – “Click Now To Enter Heritage” > click on Medieval Life
3) http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ > click on Medieval England > click on Medieval Manor Houses
4) http://www.historyonthenet.com/ > click on Medieval Life > click on Houses
5) http://www.kathimitchell.com/ > click on Social Studies > click on Middle Ages
6) http://www.learner.org/exhibits/middleages
7) http://www.thinkquest.org/ > search for fief > click on Medieval Fiefdom
8) Trueman, Dawn & John. (1974). The Peasant’s World: The Manor. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.
9) Trueman, Dawn & John. (1973). The Peasant’s World: The Town. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.
Wednesday, May 16, 2007
Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Feudalism: Towns & Villages
In the 1200s, northern Europe's largest towns--London, Paris and Ghent--contained no more than 30,000 or 40.000 residents. Southern European cities like Venice and Florence had over 100,000. The world s largest cities--Constantinople and Baghdad--each had about a million people. How do these figures compare with the population of your city or town?
Europeans established the world's first universities in the 1100s. Like the world outside then, the university could be a violent place: Oxford University in England had rules that specifically forbid students from bringing bows and arrows to class.
Under Medieval law, animals could be tried and sentenced for crimes, just as though they were people. There are records of farm animals being tried for injuring or killing people. Animals were charged with smaller crimes, too. Some mice were taken to court for stealing part of the harvest, and, in another case, a flock of locusts was convicted --in absentia--of eating crops
A feudal society very much like that of Europe's developed in Japan in the 1100's. The Japanese called their knights "samurai," and, like the knights of Europe, they fought on horseback. As in Europe, Japanese feudalism developed at a time of anarchy.
In the early Middle Ages, Europeans told time in a way that would seem very strange to us today. They divided the day into 7 hours' of equal length. Because summer days are longer than winter ones, a winter 'hour" was about 60 minutes, but a summer one was 150 minutes! By the late 1300s, Europeans had mechanical clocks and often installed them in the towers of churches and town halls.
- The knight on horseback would have been impossible without an important innovation that reached Europe from India in the 700s-- the stirrup Mounted warriors could now maneuver their horses more effectively and carry heavier armor and weapons.
A number of European advances during the Middle Ages were made possible by the Moorish occupation of Spain. Most important was the use of Arabic numerals, which we still use today. The Moors also brought new words to Europe. "Algebra," "lute," "magazine," "orange ," and "tariff" all come from Arabic. In addition, the Moors introduced a game that quickly became popular from Cadiz to London: chess.
What kind of meal was "fit for a king"? King Richard II of England sometimes gave feasts for as many as 10,000 people at once. One of these required 140 hogs, 14 oxen, 12 calves, 12 boars and 3 tons of salted venison.
http://www.themiddleages.net/life/facts.html
Pictures of planned towns:
http://www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk/education/medieval_town_plans.htm
Other site:
http://www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk/education/medievaltowns.htm
Europeans established the world's first universities in the 1100s. Like the world outside then, the university could be a violent place: Oxford University in England had rules that specifically forbid students from bringing bows and arrows to class.
Under Medieval law, animals could be tried and sentenced for crimes, just as though they were people. There are records of farm animals being tried for injuring or killing people. Animals were charged with smaller crimes, too. Some mice were taken to court for stealing part of the harvest, and, in another case, a flock of locusts was convicted --in absentia--of eating crops
A feudal society very much like that of Europe's developed in Japan in the 1100's. The Japanese called their knights "samurai," and, like the knights of Europe, they fought on horseback. As in Europe, Japanese feudalism developed at a time of anarchy.
In the early Middle Ages, Europeans told time in a way that would seem very strange to us today. They divided the day into 7 hours' of equal length. Because summer days are longer than winter ones, a winter 'hour" was about 60 minutes, but a summer one was 150 minutes! By the late 1300s, Europeans had mechanical clocks and often installed them in the towers of churches and town halls.
- The knight on horseback would have been impossible without an important innovation that reached Europe from India in the 700s-- the stirrup Mounted warriors could now maneuver their horses more effectively and carry heavier armor and weapons.
A number of European advances during the Middle Ages were made possible by the Moorish occupation of Spain. Most important was the use of Arabic numerals, which we still use today. The Moors also brought new words to Europe. "Algebra," "lute," "magazine," "orange ," and "tariff" all come from Arabic. In addition, the Moors introduced a game that quickly became popular from Cadiz to London: chess.
What kind of meal was "fit for a king"? King Richard II of England sometimes gave feasts for as many as 10,000 people at once. One of these required 140 hogs, 14 oxen, 12 calves, 12 boars and 3 tons of salted venison.
http://www.themiddleages.net/life/facts.html
Pictures of planned towns:
http://www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk/education/medieval_town_plans.htm
Other site:
http://www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk/education/medievaltowns.htm
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Introduction Mayans?
The Maya civilization was one of the most culturally powerful and thickly populated societies in the world. Its people were noted for their art, architecture, and developed mathematical, astronomical, and writing systems. Mayan history is divided into three parts: 1500 B.C. to 300 A.D. was the Pre-classic period, 300 to 900 A.D. was Classic, and 900 to 1500 A.D. was Postclassic.
Thursday, February 8, 2007
Religion & Values
Their religion revolves around the cyclical nature of time
They believed that heaven had 13 different layers, and the underworld had 9 layers
Gods weren't distinct, they merged with eachother regularly; the Maize (Corn) God was a central diety
Animal and human sacrifices were made if something bad was coming
The Mayans practiced "bloodletting". Ex: pulling thorn-studded ropes through tongues
To them, the night sky was a window showing all supernatural worlds
They believed that heaven had 13 different layers, and the underworld had 9 layers
Gods weren't distinct, they merged with eachother regularly; the Maize (Corn) God was a central diety
Animal and human sacrifices were made if something bad was coming
The Mayans practiced "bloodletting". Ex: pulling thorn-studded ropes through tongues
To them, the night sky was a window showing all supernatural worlds
Wednesday, February 7, 2007
Mayans powerpoint info
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_civilization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_religion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_society
Social Structure
- kingdoms - capital city & neighborhood with lesser towns
- royal court, everything focused especially around royal family
- cities were basically enormous royal households
- slaves were used for sacrifice
- lower beings' spaces were built around the royal temples & etc.
- peasant workers did work for building projects
- increased burden of work may have caused lower class Mayans to revolt against the elite
Religion and Values
- cyclical nature of time
- hundreds/thousands of celestial/terrestrial cycles
- cycles were all observed and written as separate calendars (infinite duration)
- Maya shaman intrepeted cycles and prophesizated the future or past based on calendars
- if prophecized of bad times, then sacrifices were made
- sacrifices: small animals: chickens, "bloodletting" by high officials, human sacrifices
- heaven, earth, underworld
- heaven: 13 different layers for various gods
- underworld: Xibalbá, 9 layers, aged Maya gods of death and putrefaction. final resting place of souls, gods would torment any one there
- night sky: window showing all supernatural activities, constellations of gods, narratives, intersection of all possible worlds
- Maya gods: not separate like Greek, rather merged with eachother
- good & evil aren't permanent characteristics, and not only good is admirable
- inappropriateness of something changes through seasons, because tradition based on cycles
- Maize (Corn) God - major god, model of life
- Maya bodily ideal is based on young Maize God, seen in artwork
- universe - flat & square but infinite in area
- worshipped the circle (balancing of forces)
- symbols: swastika, perfect cross
- 260-day calender, the tzolkin, used to determine important activites relating gods & humans
- date which born determines fate through life
- 365 day solar calender, the haab, recorded moon and Venus
- rituals, practice a lot of bloodletting
- thorn-studded ropes through tongues, human sacrifice - low social status like slaves sacrificed on tops of pyramids
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_religion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_society
Social Structure
- kingdoms - capital city & neighborhood with lesser towns
- royal court, everything focused especially around royal family
- cities were basically enormous royal households
- slaves were used for sacrifice
- lower beings' spaces were built around the royal temples & etc.
- peasant workers did work for building projects
- increased burden of work may have caused lower class Mayans to revolt against the elite
Religion and Values
- cyclical nature of time
- hundreds/thousands of celestial/terrestrial cycles
- cycles were all observed and written as separate calendars (infinite duration)
- Maya shaman intrepeted cycles and prophesizated the future or past based on calendars
- if prophecized of bad times, then sacrifices were made
- sacrifices: small animals: chickens, "bloodletting" by high officials, human sacrifices
- heaven, earth, underworld
- heaven: 13 different layers for various gods
- underworld: Xibalbá, 9 layers, aged Maya gods of death and putrefaction. final resting place of souls, gods would torment any one there
- night sky: window showing all supernatural activities, constellations of gods, narratives, intersection of all possible worlds
- Maya gods: not separate like Greek, rather merged with eachother
- good & evil aren't permanent characteristics, and not only good is admirable
- inappropriateness of something changes through seasons, because tradition based on cycles
- Maize (Corn) God - major god, model of life
- Maya bodily ideal is based on young Maize God, seen in artwork
- universe - flat & square but infinite in area
- worshipped the circle (balancing of forces)
- symbols: swastika, perfect cross
- 260-day calender, the tzolkin, used to determine important activites relating gods & humans
- date which born determines fate through life
- 365 day solar calender, the haab, recorded moon and Venus
- rituals, practice a lot of bloodletting
- thorn-studded ropes through tongues, human sacrifice - low social status like slaves sacrificed on tops of pyramids
Tuesday, February 6, 2007
Science Project
Written Project Plan
Date Project is Due:
March 8th, 2007
Name of Student Scientist:
Elizabeth Selinger
1. Investigative Question(s) – problem to be solved.
What is the purpose of your experiment?
Does microwaved water affect plant growth compared to regular water (over the course of one month)?
2. a. Hypothesis – based on Investigative Question, written in future tense.
b. “If… then… “ statement of the Hypothesis.
If a plant is watered with only microwaved water, then it will have slightly retarded growth and/or other bad side effects.
3. Materials – List Materials needed (vertically, not in a sentence)
- 2 identical pots of soil
- 2 plant seeds of the same type
- window(s) with room for both pots to get the same amount of sunlight
- a microwave
- water (preferably a water source where the water will have close to the same things in it every time used) (will use Culligan water)
- measuring cup
- tape/adhesive
4. Procedure – Numbered, step by step instructions.
1) Place pots of soil in (close to) identical positions near window
2) Use tape/adhesive to secure pots in place
3) Plant 1 seed per pot
4) Take 1 picture of each plant (overhead view)
5) Record observations
6) Measure 2 amounts of water (a and b), exactly the same amount
7) Microwave water (a) for 3 minutes
8) Pour water (a) into plant 1 and water (b) into plant 2
9) Repeat steps 4 – 8 once per day
5. Identify the “Control” (conditions or materials that stay the same) for your experiment.
The controls in this experiment will be: the type of seed, amount of sunlight, amount of water, size and type of pot, [anything else except condition of water].
6. Identify the “Variable” (conditions or materials that change; only change one thing at a time) for your experiments.
The only variable will be the water condition; for one plant the water will have been microwaved, for the other the water will be basically untouched.
7. Attach sample data sheets you will use to record your data (sketches, log, chart, etc.).
Day 1
Day 2
Plant 1
Picture:
Observations:
Picture:
Observations:
Plant 2
Picture:
Observations:
Picture:
Observations:
Date Project is Due:
March 8th, 2007
Name of Student Scientist:
Elizabeth Selinger
1. Investigative Question(s) – problem to be solved.
What is the purpose of your experiment?
Does microwaved water affect plant growth compared to regular water (over the course of one month)?
2. a. Hypothesis – based on Investigative Question, written in future tense.
b. “If… then… “ statement of the Hypothesis.
If a plant is watered with only microwaved water, then it will have slightly retarded growth and/or other bad side effects.
3. Materials – List Materials needed (vertically, not in a sentence)
- 2 identical pots of soil
- 2 plant seeds of the same type
- window(s) with room for both pots to get the same amount of sunlight
- a microwave
- water (preferably a water source where the water will have close to the same things in it every time used) (will use Culligan water)
- measuring cup
- tape/adhesive
4. Procedure – Numbered, step by step instructions.
1) Place pots of soil in (close to) identical positions near window
2) Use tape/adhesive to secure pots in place
3) Plant 1 seed per pot
4) Take 1 picture of each plant (overhead view)
5) Record observations
6) Measure 2 amounts of water (a and b), exactly the same amount
7) Microwave water (a) for 3 minutes
8) Pour water (a) into plant 1 and water (b) into plant 2
9) Repeat steps 4 – 8 once per day
5. Identify the “Control” (conditions or materials that stay the same) for your experiment.
The controls in this experiment will be: the type of seed, amount of sunlight, amount of water, size and type of pot, [anything else except condition of water].
6. Identify the “Variable” (conditions or materials that change; only change one thing at a time) for your experiments.
The only variable will be the water condition; for one plant the water will have been microwaved, for the other the water will be basically untouched.
7. Attach sample data sheets you will use to record your data (sketches, log, chart, etc.).
Day 1
Day 2
Plant 1
Picture:
Observations:
Picture:
Observations:
Plant 2
Picture:
Observations:
Picture:
Observations:
Thursday, February 1, 2007
My Life Powerpoint
color · thatblue/greendarkturquoisecolor butmoreonthegreenishside
food · italian, east indian, japanese, mexican, swiss...
drink · chocolate milk, water, lemonade, smoothies ^-^
bands · Damone, Senses Fail, Hedley, A&A, blink-182, SOAD, Evanescence, Maroon 5, Keane, Jet, P!ATD, Linkin Park, The Ramones, Billy Talent
movies · The Notebook, H&K go to White Castle, Napoleon Dynamite, Mean Girls, Snow White, Ghost Ship, Titanic...
song · Justin Timberlake's "FutureSex/LoveSounds"
month · November
day · Friday
pie · blueberry or apple, depending on my mood
holiday · Christmas
number · 11
books · HP series by JKR, Angels & Demons by Dan Brown
subject · English Language Arts
season · autumn
animal · penguin
actors · Jude Law, Rupert Grint, Adam Brody, Liam Aiken
actresses · Michelle Trachtenberg, Reese Witherspoon, Kirsten Dunst, Rachel McAdams
male artists · Sean Paul, John Mayer, James Blunt, Bobby Darin, Justin Timberlake, Usher
female artists · Aly & AJ, Shania Twain, Aselin Debisontv series · Family Guy, 6teen, House M.D., Canadian Idol, How I Met Your Mother, Gilmore Girls, Sex and the City, The O.C., entourage
first movie ever · Disney's Snow White first
limo · auntie's wedding, I was a flower girl.
first type of music remember hearing · Grandpa's guitar and him singing "Train Whistle Blowing".
first username · tencea.
first sleepover experience · Marlene & Carolina when I was 3 or 4, who now live in Guatemala O.o
first formal outfit · my baptism at 2 weeks old lol.
first favorite outfit · matching purple&white kitty outfit ^^;
first concert · never :'(first piercing · both ears at age 6 months.
first funeral · great-grandpa George.
first CD · Spice Girls.
first pet · Cuddles the cat.
first job · paper route XD.
first big travel · Anaheim, Calif. (Disneyland!).
first car · not yet ;)
first names for future childses · James & Emily, also December & Autumn for girls, and boys names for girls are cute.
× is l o v e ·
·reading & writing & running & food & picwhoring & Harry Potter & Angels&Demons & all fantasy & movies & Gilmore Girls & ANTM & Family Guy & Entourage & The OC & Adam Brody & Brendan Urie & penguins & cell phones & friends & family & Christmas & shopping & shoes & clothes & giggles & my futon & shweet lamps & piano & percussion & violin & New Apostolic Church & earrings & imagination & Photoshop & traveling & Disneyland & cheese & late nights & rain & hyperness & coffee & YouTube & The Notebook & Happy Feet & Memoirs of a Geisha & Mean Girls & The Incredibles & POTC & Dirty Dancing: HN & Napoleon Dynamite & the library & humidifiers & sleep & Junior Achievement & lunch hour & the[love]bus & subconscious & minds+thoughts & lip gloss & earrings & band & fairytales & Disney
× is e w w ·
·coconut & cantaloupe & honeydew & avocado & peppers & bugs & tAlkIn lyk dIS!!!11 & physical pain & nails on chalkboards & homework & embarrassment & failure & being late & public speaking & being grounded & violence & fighting/arguing & swimming for too long & nosebleeds & bad breath & no chocolate
× t u n a g e ·
·P!ATD & blink-182 & Jack's Mannequin & FOB & OK GO & The Veronicas & Rihanna & John Mayer & Maroon 5 & SOAD & Billy Talent & Anti-Flag & Justin Timberlake & Aly&AJ & AAR & Ciara & Akon & Damone & Evanescence & Hedley & Pussycat Dolls & Sean Paul & TBS & Yellowcard & Jet & Mozella & Michael Buble & Good Charlotte & The Used
Shopping, graphic design, reading, writing, RPG, jogging, photography, picture-whoring, chatting, my cell phone <33,>
I like reading and writing, of course, and I might want to have a future career in writing (journalism has been suggested among other things). Another very prominent interest and activity I enjoy is playing the piano. This year, I hope to pass my grade six practical exam, which, as I’ve mentioned, will earn me credits for high school as I’ve already completed the grade one rudiments of theory exam that goes along with it. I take one-hour lessons once a week, which (for this year and the last) have totaled up to be $1100 a year. My piano lessons have benefited for the church I go to, which is most definitely my largest interest. I’ve been playing the organ for the New Apostolic Church since I was about ten, though last year was the first year I began to play with the organ pedals, because I began taking organ lessons. My religion and church are the most important things in my life; I grew up in the church and was baptized and sealed as a baby. This coming April I am going to be confirmed. The confirmation is an enormous deal, it means that I can make my own decisions to come to church and basically that I am responsible for myself and am an adult in the congregation. Some of the interests I have that may not be as obvious as the ones I’ve already mentioned are graphic design and history. With my hobby of going on the computer, I started teaching myself to use the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 program to design and manipulate graphic art, (mainly to use as signatures in forums and etc.) and I really enjoy it and believe that I’ve gotten very good at designing and creating graphics. Only recently did I learn how to do animation, so I’m still working on that. Then there’s my interest in history, which my grandpa largely introduced me to. He enjoys reading a lot, like myself, and took an interest in reading on the history of the royal family in England. You would be amazed at how intriguing it all is, it’s almost like fiction, and though I’m not very learned on any of the history in England or anywhere else in the world, my interest has been sparked. A few other activities I enjoy are cooking, basketball, tennis, bike riding, and I just found out that I may enjoy volleyball a little more than I thought I did. A little interest I have to add, too, is genetics/DNA. In grade six and seven I took some books out of the school library on genetics, though there aren’t very many, and I learned a lot about chromosomes, how our DNA works, how molecules produce more molecules, etc. I’d love to learn more on that topic, though I haven’t looked into it much further.
Pets: Pumpkin Pie Kanevil, Angel, loads of fish, Teddy, Meeko, Silver, Cuddles
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